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The Battle for the Soul of France Frederick Brown, The Battle for the Soul of France; Culture Wars in the Age of Dreyfus (New York: Alfred Knopf, 2010), pp.3-5, Charles Sowerwine, “The Social and Cultural Bases of Republicanism” in France since 1870: Culture, Politics, and Society (Palgrave: Houndmills, U.K., 2001), pp. 40-44. Jean-Marie Mayeur and Madeleine Reberioux, The Third Republic from its Origins to the Great War, 1871-1914 (Cambridge: Canbridge University Press, 1984), pp.,101-115. |
Festival of Reason in Notre Dame, 1793 Postcard of the Shrine to the Virgin Mary at Lourdes |
Léon Augustin L'hermitte, Claude Bernard and pupils, 1889
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Maurice Crosland, "Popular science and the arts : challenges to cultural authority in France under the Second Empire," British Journal for the History of Science, Vol. 34 (2001), 301–322. Miriam R. Levin, “Bringing the Future to Earth in Paris, 1851–1914" Visual Representations of the Future |
Raymond Rudorff, , The belle epoque; Paris in the nineties (New York, Saturday Review Press, 1973), pp.276-288. Jean-Marie Mayeur and Madeleine Reberioux, The Third Republic from its Origins to the Great War, 1871-1914 (Cambridge: Canbridge University Press, 1984), pp.191-196. |
Édouard Debat-Ponsan, Truth Leaving the Well (1898) (A comment on the revelation of the cover-up of the military's manipuations during Dreyfus' trial) |
An Explosion in the Foyot Restaurant, Petit Journal (1894)
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Divisions within Society Eugen Weber, France: Fin de Siècle (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1986) |